LABORATORY ANALYSIS

See PAL photocatalytic nanomaterials astounding antibacterial effects in tests data

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
(a cause of food poisoning and other ailments)

TESTING CONDITIONS

• Antibacterial activity test method: Film adhesion
• Light source: Led light 6000 lx
• Test duration: 6 hours
• Test sample amount/size: 10 mg / 5 cm x 5 cm

*This data is for material characteristics and doesn't guarantee its performance of the PAL photocatalytic nanomaterials related products.

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ESCHERICHIA COLI
(a cause of enteritis and other conditions)

TESTING CONDITIONS

• Antibacterial activity test method: Film adhesion
• Light source: Led light 6000 lx
• Test duration: 24 hours
• Test sample amount/size: 10 mg / 5 cm x 5 cm

*This data is for material characteristics and doesn't guarantee its performance of the PAL photocatalytic nanomaterials related products.

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METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
(MRSA)

TESTING CONDITIONS

• Antibacterial activity test method: Film adhesion
• Light source: Led light 6000 lx
• Test duration: 6 hours
• Test sample amount/size: 10 mg / 5 cm x 5 cm

*This data is for material characteristics and doesn't guarantee its performance of the PAL photocatalytic nanomaterials related products.

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ENTEROHEMORRHAGIC ESCHERICHIA COLI
(0157)

TESTING CONDITIONS

• Antibacterial activity test method: Film adhesion
• Light source: Led light 6000 lx
• Test duration: 24 hours
• Test sample amount/size: 10 mg / 5 cm x 5 cm

*This data is for material characteristics and doesn't guarantee its performance of the PAL photocatalytic nanomaterials related products.

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KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE

TESTING CONDITIONS

• Antibacterial activity test method: Film adhesion
• Light source: Led light 6000 lx
• Test duration: 24 hours
• Test sample amount/size: 10 mg / 5 cm x 5 cm

*This data is for material characteristics and doesn't guarantee its performance of the PAL photocatalytic nanomaterials related products.

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PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

TESTING CONDITIONS

• Antibacterial activity test method: Film adhesion
• Light source: Led light 6000 lx
• Test duration: 24 hours
• Test sample amount/size: 10 mg / 5 cm x 5 cm

*This data is for material characteristics and doesn't guarantee its performance of the PAL photocatalytic nanomaterials related products.

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ESCHERICHIA COLI

TESTING CONDITIONS

• Antibacterial activity test method: Film adhesion
• Light source: Led light 6000 lx
• Test duration: 6 and 24 hours
• Test sample amount/size: 5 mg / 2.5 cm x 5 cm

*This data is for material characteristics and doesn't guarantee its performance of the PAL photocatalytic nanomaterials related products.

Report on the analysis of fungal/bacterial killing through photocatalytic filter

The analysis was conducted using the non-selective agar Petri capsules (PDA, Potato Dextrose Agar) placed inside the laminar flow hood Asalair 1200 before and after treatment of the air through the photocatalytic filter. The initially sterile environment used for the treatment with photocatalytic filter was placed in contact with outside air by turning off the UV light and laminar air flow, allowing sterility loss.

This operation was performed for 30 minutes. Petri capsules containing PDA soil were placed inside the hood, isolating the internal environment from the external one and thus preventing the exchange of air. Cover was removed from Petri capsules, allowing the bacterial and fungal load contained in the air to encounter the agar soil and kept for 30 minutes. Thereafter, the dishes were incubated at 23°C in the dark for 10 days in the incubator.

Following the removal of Petri capsules from the environment used for the analysis, the photocatalytic filter was placed inside the hood and left in function for 30 minutes. Subsequently, cleaned Petri capsules were placed with PDA soil and the steps above were repeated. Following incubation, the analysis of bacterial and fungal colonies formed on the plates with agar soil was performed.

Results

Shown below are the results of analyses performed before and after the treatment with the photocatalytic filter.

Analysis before photocatalytic filter treatment

Analysis after photocatalytic filter treatment

Analyzing the results, we can notice a significant difference between the fungal charge isolated with the photocatalytic filter before treatment and the one as a result of the treatment. Only 2 plates out of 6 treated present fungal colonies after using the photocatalytic filter, and both have two different species. In tests carried out before treatment the variability of species is very high, mostly species of Ascomycetes such as Aspergillus and Penicillium, Cladosporium and hyaline colonies.

Air treatment activity is therefore effective, removing much of the fungal load contained in it; the most significant activity in particular is found on Aspergillus and Penicillium species that are being torn down completely, while we have random appearance of other species like Apiospora Montagnei and Acremonium.

No difference has emerged about the treatment of the bacterial charge which remains low in both tests performed.

The killing of fungal loads of species such as Aspergillus or Penicillium is very important because not only are the main culprits of pollution of bacterial/fungal culture that affect many research fields, but also cause problems in terms of human health, causing serious respiratory problems in immunocompromised individuals.

Analysis of organic substances dissolved in the air.

Tests results performed on mixtures composed of VOC (up to 14 different components)

The tests performed with photocatalyst demonstrated photo-induced degradative activity against the monitored analytes.

It is observed a decrease of the concentrations of each VOC, each with a different speed (indication that we're actually measuring a radical degradation). Indicating in the graph, the sum of the analytes signals against a white (see graph below) we get a general trend, well reproducible with a logarithmic function line.

By mathematical extrapolation from the curve we obtained the decrease data of percentage listed in the table, estimated at approximately in /4800/m2*h during the first hour for the conditions adopted during the test.

Table of changes relating to the total concentration of VOC, expressed as percentage of the total

Percentage variation of total VOC concentration normalized and compared with a "white" (same test conditions, but without any photocatalyst)